临床医务人员家属面对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的心理状况及其影响因素分析

目的了解临床医务人员家属面对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的心理状况,分析其影响因素,为有效的心理干预提供理论依据.方法便利抽样选取某市3所三级甲等医院临床医务人员家属525名,采用一般资料问卷、症状自评量表(symptom check list 90,SCL-90)进行问卷调查.结果临床医务人员家属中有93人(17.71%)出现心理问题,平均SCL-90得分与常模比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).年龄、家人(医务人员)是否在疫区工作、是否患有基础疾病为临床医务人员家属心理状况的主要影响因素(均P<0.05).结论在新冠肺炎疫情期间,部分临床医务人员家属会产生心理应激反应,应加强此类人群的心理预防工作,采取有针对性的措施进行心理干预.     

Immunizations at Wisconsin Pharmacies: Results of a statewide vaccine registry analysis and pharmacist survey

BackgroundThere is currently limited data in the United States on the proportion of immunization doses given at pharmacies outside the influenza vaccine. This study aims to obtain baseline information on the percentage of vaccine doses administered at pharmacies in Wisconsin and to understand the immunization barriers for Wisconsin pharmacists, to inform interventions to increase immunization access at pharmacies.MethodsAggregated data from the Wisconsin Immunization Registry (WIR) was obtained for all vaccines administered at pharmacies to patients over the age of six from July 2017 through June 2018. In addition, a survey on attitudes towards and barriers to vaccination was sent to 2000 Wisconsin pharmacists with 236 respondents yielding a 12% response rate.ResultsWIR data demonstrates that zoster and influenza vaccines have the highest proportion of doses administered at pharmacies (39% and 20%, respectively). Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have the lowest proportion of doses at 0.2%. Pharmacy survey shows that 86% provide immunizations. Most stock influenza vaccines (84%), whereas much fewer stock HPV vaccines (21%). The greatest immunization barriers for the pharmacy respondents include billing and reimbursement challenges and competing demands for staff.ConclusionsDespite the barriers, community pharmacies have significant potential to address vaccination gaps. Physicians, patients, and legislative bodies are generally well-accepting of pharmacists as immunizers. Pharmacists, in order to be fully utilized as immunizers, must engage in active communication with patients and be willing to collaborate with physicians. Legislative policy and health insurance reimbursement reforms are also necessary to facilitate further pharmacist participation in immunization.     

基于现代医学诊疗模式的非小细胞肺癌中医证型梳理与浅析

肺癌为中国常见的呼吸道恶性肿瘤，其发病率及病死率常年占据中国恶性肿瘤首位，随着现代分子生物学研究进展，综合治疗使得肺癌患者的生存时间明显延长。基于西医的综合治疗方案，中国中西医结合的综合治疗因中医独特的辨证观和整体观在提高疗效、改善患者生活质量、减轻不良反应、延长生存期方面发挥着积极的作用，因此基于现代医学诊疗方案下患者的证型研究尤为重要。文章将梳理非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者现代医学诊疗模式下的中医证型，以此指导今后中西医结合的综合治疗，从而更好地提高非小细胞肺癌患者的生存及生活质量。     

师承教育在医教协同创新中医人才培养中的作用

中医师承教育是当今社会中医传承的主要方式,其培养了大量的中医优秀人才,促进中医药文化和中医学术思想传播,是现代中医药发展不可缺少的组成部分。但近代以来,人们脑海中逐渐形成了以西方医学为体系的思维模式时,中医学教育该如何的发展与传承。针对这一现象,我们分析了现代院校教育与师承教育的特点,阐述师承教育在现代中医人才培养中的作用,以期探讨高等中医药院校教育改革的模式。     

吕文良教授从“引阳入阴”论瞑眩

瞑眩反应是疾病趋愈的一种祛邪反应,古今医家对其发生机制的观点不一。文章收集、整理瞑眩反应相关文献,总结古、今对瞑眩反应成因的看法,介绍吕文良教授从引阳入阴论瞑眩的经验,以期为临床对其进一步探索提供参考。吕文良教授认为久病之体,宿邪内伏,湿热痰瘀交阻而脏腑经络不通,致卫阳独行于外,不得入阴,机体阴阳失交,而瞑眩反应是机体借助药物作用,引阳入阴,使阴阳复交、正气渐盛,疾病自去而成的一种佳兆。     

Split liver transplantation is utilized infrequently and concentrated at few transplant centers in the United States

Split liver transplantation (SLT) is 1 strategy for maximizing the number of deceased donor liver transplants. Recent reports suggest that utilization of SLT in the United States remains low. We examined deceased donor offers that were ultimately split between 2010 and 2014. SLTs were categorized as “primary” and “secondary” transplants. We analyzed allocation patterns and used logistic regression to evaluate factors associated with secondary split discard. Four hundred eighteen livers were split: 54% from adult, 46% from pediatric donors. Of the 227 adult donor livers split, 61% met United Network for Organ Sharing “optimal” split criteria. A total of 770 recipients (418 primary and 352 secondary) were transplanted, indicating 16% discard. Ninety‐two percent of the 418 primary recipients were children, and 47% were accepted on the first offer. Eighty‐seven percent of the 352 secondary recipients were adults, and 7% were accepted on the first offer. Of the 352 pairs, 99% were transplanted in the same region, 36% at the same center. In logistic regression, shorter donor height was associated with secondary discard (odds ratio 0.97 per cm, 95% CI 0.94‐1.00, P = .02). SLT volume by center was not predictive of secondary discard. Current policy proposals that incentivize SLT in the United States could increase the number of transplants to children and adults.     

江苏省儿童专科夜间门诊诊察费定价政策成效分析

2019年5月20日,江苏省医保局推出调整了儿童专科夜间门诊诊察费收费标准举措。文章以江苏省某三甲综合医院为样本,围绕上述政策实施后儿科诊疗工作量、病人满意度、医院收入影响等方面进行了调查,结果表明,上述政策可满足儿科病人就诊差异化需求,合理分流病人,保障急诊优先的诊疗秩序。     

非精神活性药用大麻的应用及开发

非精神活性药用大麻即四氢大麻酚(THC)质量分数0. 3%且大麻二酚(CBD)含量高(原则上应 2. 0%),主要用于药用的大麻植物。大麻的药用性历史悠久,笔者基于大麻的本草考证以及国际药用历史,阐述了大麻素类化合物特别是CBD在开发抗癫痫药品、精神疾病药品、镇痛抗炎药品及抗肿瘤药品上的应用,并对其在食品、保健品、化妆品等领域的应用情况进行总结。基于目前高CBD含量药用大麻的新品种匮乏、基础研究薄弱等问题,建议应加强CBD等有效成分的基础研究,推动药用大麻五类新药及保健品等的开发,通过挖掘药用大麻遗传信息,建立其综合鉴定体系并加快高CBD含量新品种选育,保障药用大麻的安全性及有效性,促进药用大麻产业的可持续发展。